Networking protocol stacks

Computers on a network communicate in agreed ways called protocols. Protocols dictate which signals computers use across cables, how they tell one another that they have received information, and how they exchange information.

Protocols are more accurately termed protocol ``stacks'' or protocol ``suites''. These terms reflect the fact that the communications functions are complex and are usually divided into independent layers or levels. A stack is a collection of protocol layers that implement network communication. The protocol associated with each layer communicates only with the layers immediately above and below it, and assumes the support of underlying layers. Lower layers are closer to the hardware and higher layers are closer to the user. The number of layers and tasks that each layer performs depends on which stack you are using.

Table 1-2 Supported protocol stacks

 -------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Provided by   Provided by other   Supported by SCO
 Protocol stack   SCO System    SCO products        network drivers
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
 TCP/IP               yes               -                 yes
 IPX/SPX              yes               -                 yes
 NetBEUI               -               yes                yes

• UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy)

• cu (call UNIX)

Although these packages are not protocol stacks, they are discussed here because they provide low-cost alternatives to LANs based on specialized hardware and software.

The relative advantages of the SCO connectivity packages are:

TCP/IP

• high performance

• the standard protocol for UNIX system LANs

IPX/SPX

• high performance

• enables network connectivity between SCO and Novell systems

UUCP

• low cost; does not require specialized networking cards or software

• runs over dedicated serial (RS-232) lines, phone lines (via modem), or LAN

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