Networking Guide
Chapter 4, Administering SCO IPX/SPX
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
facilitates the exchange
of routing information on a NetWare internetwork.
Like IPX, the
RIP protocol was derived from XNS.
However, an extra field, ``Number of ticks'', was added to
the packet structure to improve the decision criteria for
selecting the fastest route to a destination.
This change
prohibits the straight integration of NetWare's RIP with
strictly conforming XNS implementations.
RIP broadcasts
The broadcast of RIP packets allows:
-
workstations to locate the fastest route to a network number.
-
routers to request routing information from other routers to update
their own internal tables.
-
routers to respond to route requests from workstations and other
routers.
-
routers to make sure that
all other routers are aware of the internetwork configuration.
-
routers to detect a change in the internetwork configuration.
For more information on routers and the functions they perform,
see the Novell NetWare documentation.
RIP packet structure
The RIP packet structure is shown in
Figure 4-5.
This structure is
enveloped within the data area of IPX.

Figure 4-5 RIP packet structure
The packet contains the following fields:
- Operation
-
indicates whether the packet is a request or a response.
A 1 in
this field indicates a request; a 2 indicates a response.
- Network Number
-
Identifies the network segment the packet will be sent to.
- Number of Hops
-
Indicates the number of routers the packet must pass
through to reach a network number.
- Number of Ticks
-
Indicates how much time is required for the packet
to reach the specified network segment.
The number in this field is always at least one.
(A ``tick'' is approximately 1/18 of a second;
there are 18.21 ticks in a second.)
The
``Operation'' field can be followed by one or more sets of
information, each consisting of a network number and the number
of hops and ticks to that network number.
A RIP packet can
contain a maximum of 50 sets of network number information.
The original XNS definition of the RIP did
not include the ``Number of Ticks'' field.
The ``Number of ticks'' field was added
by the developers of NetWare so that the NetWare shell could
estimate how long it should wait for a response from a file
server.
Also, if multiple routes exist to a network
number, a router uses the route with the smallest number of ticks
when forwarding packets to that network number.
If a RIP packet is a request for information,
only the ``Network Number'' field applies;
the ``Number of hops'' and ``Number of ticks'' fields
are essentially nulled out.
A response packet can be either a reply to a request
from a router or workstation or a periodic broadcast by a router.
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